The Cult of St. Apollo and Phib in Late Antique Egypt
Voytenko Anton A.
The article focuses on the cult of two holy monks, Apollo and Phib, in late antique Egypt. As the extant sources show, these two saints were well known in Egypt, but almost unknown beyond its border. The author argues that their veneration was formed primarily not on the basis of the hagiographic tradition about them, but around the ritual of “the forgiveness of sins”, which took place in the monastery of apa Apollo (Bawit) on the day of Phib’s commemoration.
References:
Antonini, L. 1940: Le chiese cristiane nell’Egitto dal IV al IX secolo secondo i documenti dei papiri greci. Aegyptus 20/3, 129–208.
Baumeister, Th. 2004: Ägyptisches Lokalkolorit in der “Historia monachorum in Aegypto”. In: U. Zanetti, E. Lucchesi (éd.), Aegyptus Christiana: Mélanges d’hagiographie égyptienne et orientale dédiés à la mémoire du P. Paul Devos bollandiste. (Cahiers d’orientalisme, 25). Genève, 165–174.
Bénazeth, D. 1995: Histoire des fouilles de Baouît. In: J.M. Rosenstiel (éd.), Études coptes IV. Quatrième journée d’études, Strasbourg 26–27 mai 1988.(Cahiers de la Bibliothèque copte, 8). Louvain, 53–62.
Clackson, S.J. 2000: Coptic and Greek Texts Relating to the Hermopolite Monastery of Apa Aplollo. Oxford.
Clackson, S.J. 2001: Reconstructing the archives of the Monastery of Apollo at Bawit. In: I. Andorlini, G. Bastianini, M. Manfredi, G. Menci (eds.), Atti del XXII Congresso internazionale di papirologia. Firenze, 23–29 agosto 1998. Vol. I. Firenze, 219–236.
Clédat, J. 1904: Le monastère et la nécropole de Baouît. (MIFAO, 12). Le Caire.
Clédat, J. 1999: Le monastère et la nécropole de Baouît. Notes mises en œuvre et éditées par D. Bénazeth et M.-H. Rutschowscaya avec contributions de A. Boud’hors, R.-G. Coquin, É. Gaillard. (MIFAO, 111). Le Caire.
Coquin, R.-G. 1977: Apollon de Titkooh ou/et Apollon de Bawit? Orientalia 46/4, 435–446.
Coquin, R.-G. 1991a: Ammonius of Tunah. In: Coptic Encyclopedia. Vol. I. New York, 114.
Coquin, R.-G. 1991b: Paul of Tamma, saint. In: Coptic Encyclopedia. Vol. VI. New York, 1924–1925.
Coquin, R.-G. 1991c: Phib, Saint. In: Coptic Encyclopedia. Vol. VI. New York, 1953–1956.
Crum, W.E. (ed.) 1905: Catalogue of the Coptic Manuscripts in the British Museum. London.
Crum, W.E. (ed.) 1962: A Coptic Dictionary. Oxford.
Dahlman, B. (ed.) 2007: Saint Daniel of Sketis. A Group of Hagiographic Texts. Uppsala.
Delattre, A. (ed.) 2004: Papyrus coptes et grecs du monastère d’apa Apollô de Baouît conservés aux Musées Royaux d’Art et d’Histoire de Bruxelles. Bruxelles.
Festugière, A.-J. (ed.) 1961: Historia monachorum in Aegypto. Édition critique du texte grec. (Subsidia Hagiographica, 34). Bruxelles.
Festugière, A-J. (ed.) 1964: Enquête sur les moines d’Égypte. Historia monachorum in Aegypto. (Moines d’Orient, 4/1). Paris.
Gascou, J. 1989: Un nouveau calendrier de saints égyptiens (P. Iand. inv. 318). Analecta Bollandiana 107/3–4, 384–392.
Geyer, P. (ed.) 1898: Itinera Hierosolymitana saeculi IIII–VIII. (Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum Latinorum, 39). Pragae–Vindobonae–Lipsiae.
Kahle, P.E. (ed.) 1954: Bala’izah. Coptic Texts from Deir el-Bala’izah in Upper Egypt. Vol. I–II. London.
Kul’kova, N.A. (ed.) 2001: Istoriya egipetskikh monakhov [History of Egyptian Monks.Translated by N. Kul’kova]. Moscow.
История египетских монахов. Пер. Н.А. Кульковой. М.
Orlandi, T., Camagnano, A. (eds.) 1975: Vite dei Monaci Phif e Longino. Milano.
Papaconstantinou, A. 2001: Le culte des saints en Égypte des Byzantins aux Abbasides: l’apport des inscriptions et des papyrus grecs et coptes. Paris.
Pleyte, W., Boeser, P.A. 1897: Manuscrits coptes du Musée d’antiquités des Pay-Bas à Leide. Leyde.
Quibell, J.E. 1908: Exavations at Saqqara (1906–1907). Le Caire.
Quibell, J.E. 1909: Exavations at Saqqara (1907–1908). Le Caire.
Quibell, J.E. 1912: Exavations at Saqqara (1908–9, 1909–10). The Monastery of Apa Jeremias. Le Caire.
Robinson, G. 1978: International photographic archive of Greek Papyri. Photography of the Papyrus Collection of the Coptic Museum, Cairo. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 70, 65–72.
Rutchowscaya, M.-H. 1986: Catalogue des bois de l’Égypte copte. Paris.
Sauneron, S. 1972: Les ermitages chrétiens du désert d’Esna. Vol. IV. Essai d’histoire. (FIFAO, 29/4). Le Caire.
Torp, M.H. 1965: La date de la fondation du monastère d’apa Apollô de Baouît et de son abandon. Mélanges de l’école française de Rome 77/1, 153–177.
Tudor, B. 2011: Christian Funerary Stelae of Byzantine and Arab Periods from Egypt. Marburg.
Van Moorsel, P. 2002: Le monastère de Saint-Paul près de la mer Rouge. Le Caire.
Vivian, T. 1999: Monks, Middle Egypt, and metanoia: The life of Phib by Papohe the Steward (translation and introduction). Journal of Early Christian Studies 7/4, 547–571.
Vivian, T. 2005: Words to Live by. Journeys in Ancient and Modern Egyptian Monasticism. (Cisterian Studies Series, 207). Kalamazoo.
Voytenko, A.A. 2011: [Cult of St. Onnophrios the Great in Byzantine Egypt]. Vizantiyskiy Vremennik [Byzantine Annals] 70 (95), 114–123.
Войтенко, А.А. Культ св. Онуфрия Великого в византийском Египте. Византийский Временник 70/95, 114–123.
Voytenko, A.A. 2012a: Egipetskoe monashestvo v IV v.: Zhitie prep. Antoniya Velikogo, Lavsaik, Istoriya monakhov [Egyptian Monasticism in the 4th Cent.: the Life of St Anthony the Great, Historia Lausiaca, Historia Monachorum in Aegypto]. Moscow.
Войтенко, А.А. Египетское монашество в IV в.: Житие преп. Антония Великого, Лавсаик, История монахов. М.
Voytenko, A.A. 2012b: [Coptic burial custom in the IV–VII centuries BCE after written sources]. In: A.A. Voytenko (ed.), Aeternitas. Sbornik statey po greko-rimskomu i khristianskomu Egiptu [Aeternitas. Collected Articles on Greco-Roman and Christian Egypt]. Moscow, 38–70.
Войтенко, А.А. Коптский погребальный ритуал IV–VII вв. по письменным источникам. В сб.: А.А. Войтенко (ред.), Aeternitas. Сборник статей по греко-римскому и христианскому Египту. М., 38–70.
Voytenko, A.A. 2013: [Cult of Anthony the Great in Byzantine Egypt]. Vizantiyskiy Vremennik [Byzantine Annals] 72/97, 147–165.
Войтенко, А.А. Культ св. Антония Великого в византийском Египте. Византийский Bременник 72/97, 147–165.
Voytenko, A.A. 2017: Svyatoy Onufriy Velikiy v agiograficheskoy traditsii (IV–XIV vv.). [Saint Onuphrius the Great in Hagiographic Tradition (4 th –14th Cent.). Abstract of a Dr. Hab. Thesis]. Moscow.
Войтенко, А.А. Святой Онуфрий Великий в агиографической традиции (IV–XIV вв.). Автореф. дис. … докт. ист. наук. М.
Wipszycka, E. 2005: Le nombre des moines dans les communautés monastiques d’Égypte. Journal of Juristic Papyrology 35, 265–309.
Wipszycka, E. 2009: Moines et les communautés monastiques en Égypte (VIe –VIIe siècles).(Journal of Juristic Papyrology. Suppl. 11). Varsovie