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Darius versus Xerxem: образы Дария I и Ксеркса в Древнеперсидских текстах и в произведениях Эсхила и Геродота

Рунг Эдуард Валерьевич, Чиглинцев Евгений Александрович

В статье рассматривается саморепрезентация персидских царей Дария I и Ксеркса в древнеперсидских надписях, а также репрезентация их образов в антич- ной традиции, представленной драматургом Эсхилом и историком Геродотом. Если в древнеперсидских текстах оба царя изображались равновеликими, один выступал соратником и последователем другого, то в античной традиции, напротив, наблюда- лась поляризация образов Дария и Ксеркса, когда один противопоставлялся другому. Наиболее ясно такая поляризация обнаруживается в драме Эсхила «Персы», где Да- рий идеализируется, а Ксеркс представлен ответственным за все неудачи и поражения персов в войнах с греками. Геродот, однако, сравнивает Дария и Ксеркса только в не- которых случаях, так что в целом противопоставление двух царей друг другу менее очевидно, чем в случае с Эсхилом. Между тем нельзя не заметить, что образ Ксеркса в труде Геродота гораздо более негативный, чем образ Дария. Но объединяет Эсхила и Геродота в представлении ими этих двух персидских царей то, что Дарий изобража- ется более администратором, чем воином, Ксеркс же в представлении обоих авторов – воин par excellence.

Ключевые слова: Дарий, Ксеркс, Эсхил, Геродот, образ, репрезентация, история
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