I. M. Diakonoff vs V. V. Struve: Polemics in the Fields of Sumer

Krikh Sergey B.

The article analyses the process and methods of polemics between Igor M. Diakonoff and Vasiliy V. Struve as an important part of the debate about the Sumerian social and economic history. The author examines the basic terms and their correlation (scientific dispute, discussion, polemics), focusing on the definition of polemical technique as an additional way to make scientific arguments more convincing. The author tries to identify the polemical devices used by I. M. Diakonoff and V. V. Struve in a scientific dispute against each other, their connotations, as well as the overall underlying strategy and their importance for the development of Soviet historiography of antiquity.

Keywords: I. M. Diakonoff, V. V. Struve, Soviet historiography, polemics in science, Sumerian economy
References:

Afanas’ev, Ju.N. (ed.) 1996: Sovetskaya istoriografiya [Soviet Historiography]. Moscow. 

Antonova, K.A. 1992: [We, Orientalists]. Vostok [The East] 2, 140–152. 

Avdiev, V. 1942: [Study of the history of the ancient East in 25 years (1917–1942)]. Istoricheskiy zhurnal [Historical Journal] 10, 98–102. 

Avdiev, V.I. 1958: Sovetskaya nauka o drevnem Vostoke za 40 let [Soviet science of the ancient East in 40 years]. Moscow.

Civil, M. 1973: Notes on Sumerian Lexicography II. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 25, 171–177.

Diakonoff, I.M. 1948: [More about the term guruš (kal) in the Sumerian language]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 1, 31–33. 

Diakonoff, I.M. 1949a: Razvitie zemel’nykh otnoshenii v Assirii [The development of land relations in Assyria]. Leningrad. 

Afanas’ev, Ju.N. (ed.) 1996: Sovetskaya istoriografiya [Soviet Historiography]. Moscow. 

Antonova, K.A. 1992: [We, Orientalists]. Vostok [The East] 2, 140–152. 

Avdiev, V. 1942: [Study of the history of the ancient East in 25 years (1917–1942)]. Istoricheskiy zhurnal [Historical Journal] 10, 98–102. 

Авдиев, В. Изучение истории древнего Востока за 25 лет (1917–1942). ИЖ 10, 98–102.

Avdiev, V.I. 1958: Sovetskaya nauka o drevnem Vostoke za 40 let [Soviet science of the ancient East in 40 years]. Moscow. 

Civil, M. 1973: Notes on Sumerian Lexicography II. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 25, 171–177.

Diakonoff, I.M. 1948: [More about the term guruš (kal) in the Sumerian language]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 1, 31–33. 

Diakonoff, I.M. 1949a: Razvitie zemel’nykh otnoshenii v Assirii [The development of land relations in Assyria]. Leningrad. 

Diakonoff, I.M. 1949b: [Who are “gurušes” in Ur III economic texts?]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 2, 30–31. 

Diakonoff, I.M. 1950: [On the area and the population of the Sumerian “city-state”]. Vestnik drevnei istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 2, 77–93. 

Diakonoff, I.M. 1951: [Reforms of Urukagina in Lagash].Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 1, 15–32. 

Diakonoff, I.M. 1952: [The political system of archaic Sumer].Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 2, 13–37. 

Diakonoff, I.M. 1954: [Languages of ancient Western Asia]. Voprosy yazykoznaniya [Problems of Linguistics] 5, 43–64. 

Diakonoff, I.M. 1955: [Purchase and sale of land in ancient Sumer and the question of Sumerian community. Article 1. Purchase and sale of land in Mesopotamia in the III millennium BC]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 4, 10–40. 

Diakonoff, I.M. 1958: [Work with Sumerian historical sources]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 2, 48–69. 

Diakonoff, I.M. 1959: Obshchestvennyy i gosudarstvennyy stroy Drevnego Dvurech’ya. Shumer [Society and state in Ancient Mesopotamia. Sumer]. Moscow. 

Diakonoff, I.M. 1963: [The community in the ancient East in the works of Soviet researchers]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 1, 16–34. 

Diakonoff, I.M. 1964: [To the problem of the community in the ancient East (remark to M. O. Kosven)]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 4, 74–80. 

Diakonoff, I.M. 1966: [The main features of the economy in the monarchies of Ancient Western Asia]. Narody Azii i Afriki [Peoples of Asia and Africa] 1, 44–58. 

Diakonoff, I.M. 1967: [Problems of property. The structure of Near East society to the middle of the second millennium B.C.]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 4, 13–35. 

Diakonoff, I.M. 1968: [Problems of economics. The structure of Near East society to the middle of the second millennium B.C.]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 3, 3–27; 4, 3–40. 

Diakonoff, I.M. 1971: [The main features of ancient society (Essay on the material of Western Asia)]. Problemy dokapitalisticheskikh obshchestv v stranakh Vostoka [Problems of pre-capitalist societies in the East]. Moscow, 127–146. 

Diakonoff, I.M. 1973: [Slaves, helots and serfs in early antiquity]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 4, 3–29. 

Diakonoff, I.M., Jacobson, V.A. 1982: [“Nome states”, “territorial kingdoms”, “poleis” and “empires”: a study in typology]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 2, 3–16. 

Diakonoff, I.M. 1995: Kniga vospominaniy [The book of memories]. Saint Petersburg. 

Istoriya VKP(b) 1938: Istoriya Vsesoyuznoy Kommunisticheskoy partii (bol’shevikov). Kratkiy kurs [History of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Brief course]. Moscow. 

Koposov, N.E. 2001: Kak dumayut istoriki [How do historians think]. Moscow. 

Krikh, S.B. 2013: Obraz drevnosti v sovetskoy istoriografii [The Image of Antiquity in Soviet Historiography]. Moscow. 

Krikh, S.B. 2014: [“Death” of discussions in post-Soviet historiography: ancient history]. In: Universitetskaya korporatsiya: pamyat’, identichnost’, praktiki konsolidatsii [University Corporation: memory, identity, consolidation practices]. Kazan, 204–208. 

Krikh, S.B. 2015a: [How not to write a major work of all your life; a case of academician V. V. Struve]. Mir istorika [World of historian] 10, 241–273. 

Krikh, S.B. 2015b: [The Planned Economy, from Sumer to the Soviet Union: The fate of an Ancient empire through the eyes of modern historians]. Ab Imperio 3, 255–291.

Nikolsky, N.M. 1937: [Some of the main problems general and religious history of Israel and Judah]. In: A. Ranovich, Ocherk istorii drevneevreiskoy religii [Short history of the Hebrew religion]. Moscow, III–LXXXIV. 

Nikolsky, N.M. 1951: [Rev.] [I. M. Diakonoff. The development of land relations in Assyria. Leningrad, 1949]. Arkhiv Rossiyskoy akademii nauk [Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. Fonds 1619, series 1, file 48, fol. 49–87. 

Solovieva, N.V. 2008: [Scientific discussion as a genre in the form of collection]. Stil. Belgrad, 131–137. 

Struve, V.V. 1947a: [Problems of the history of the ancient East in Soviet historiography]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 3, 17–41. 

Struve, V.V. 1947b: [Soviet Oriental Studies and the problem of social structure of the Ancient East]. Vestnik LGU [Journal of Leningrad State University] 11, 233–242. 

Struve, V.V. 1948: [Wage labor and the rural community in southern Mesopotamia to the end of the 3rd millennium BC]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 2, 13–33. 

Struve, V.V. 1949: [New data on the organization of labor and social structure in Sumerian Ur III era]. Sovetskoe vostokovedenie [Soviet Oriental Studies] 4, 149–184. 

Struve, V.V. 1954: [To editor-in-chief of JAH]. Arkhiv Rossiyskoy akademii nauk [Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences] Fonds 457, series 1, file 381, fol. 3–22. 

Struve, V.V. 1957a: [Category of tense and replacement of ideograms in the Sumerian language and writing]. Vestnik LGU [Journal of Leningrad State University. Series of history, language and literature]. Issue 2. 8, 85–95. 

Struve, V.V. 1957b: [Interpretation of the document no. 19 in M. V. Nikolsky’ edition]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 4, 3–18. 

Struve, V.V. 1958: [Preliminary reply to the article by I. M. Diakonoff]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 2, 252. 

Struve, V.V. 1959a: [Letter to the Editor]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 1, 219–220. 

Struve, V.V. 1959b: [The term gána-ga and the problem of origin of private ownership in Sumer]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 2, 3–20. 

Struve, V.V. 1959c: [The term gána-ga and the problem of origin of private ownership in Sumer (continuation)]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 3, 53–74. 

Struve, V.V. 1960: [40 years of the Soviet Oriental Studies]. Uchenye zapiski Instituta vostokovedeniia [Notes of the Institute of Oriental Studies] XXV, 3–29. 

Struve, V.V. 1961a: Gosudarstvo Lagash. Bor’ba za rasshirenie grazhdanskogo prava v Lagashe XXV–XXIV vv. do nashey ery [The Lagash state. The fight for the extension of civil rights in Lagash in XXV–XXIV centuries B.C.]. Moscow. 

Struve, V.V. 1961b: [Rev.] [I. M. Diakonjff. Social and political system of ancient Mesopotamia. Shumer. Moscow, 1959, 299 p.]. Narody Azii i Afriki [Peoples of Asia and Africa] 2, 168–176. 

Struve, V.V. 1962: [The transfer ritual of the landownership in Sumer]. In: Blizhniy i Sredniy Vostok [Near and Middle East]. Moscow, 8–14. 

Struve, V.V. 1963a: [The communities of Egypt and Sumer and India community]. Vestnik LGU [Journal of Leningrad State University. Series of history, language and literature]. Issue 20, 4, 52–64. 

Struve, V.V. 1963b: [The community, the temple and the palace]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 3, 11–34. 

Struve, V.V. 1964a: [Verification of the theory on meaning of the verbal prefixes mu- and e-]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 2, 107–118. 

Struve, V.V. 1964b: [Historical inscriptions of Urukagina and history of its interpretation]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 4, 3–23. 

Struve, V.V. 1984: Onomastika rannedinasticheskogo Lagasha [Onomastics of Early Dynastic Lagash]. Moscow. 

Tumenev, A.I. 1946a: [The significance of the term ‘kal’ in Sumerian language]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 2, 10–20. 

Tumenev, A.I. 1946b: [On the forms of land relations in the inscription of the Manishtushu Obelisk]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 4, 33–40. 

Tumenev, A.I. 1947: [Hermitage papyrus 1116 A, lines 101–102]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 2, 9–12. 

Tumenev, A.I. 1948a: [Household staff of the temple of Bau in Lagash in the times of Urukagina]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 1, 12–30. 

Tumenev, A.I. 1948b: [Did the term “gurus” (“kal”) have social significance? (On the article I. M. Diakonoff in VDI 1948, no. 1)]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 2, 34–36. 

Tumenev, A.I. 1950: [On the question of wage labor in the royal household in the Ur III times]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 1, 48–52. 

Tumenev, A.I. 1954: [Producers of wealth in the royal household of the third dynasty of Ur]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 1, 10–32. 

Tumenev, A.I. 1956: Gosudarstvennoe khozyaystvo drevnego Shumera [State economy of the Ancient Sumer]. Moscow–Leningrad. 

Tumenev, A.I. 1958: [Letter to the Editor]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 3, 232–233. 

Turaev, B. 1902: Issledovaniya v oblasti agiologicheskikh istochnikov istorii Efiopii [Studies in the history of Ethiopia’s agiological sources]. Saint-Petersburg. 

Turaev, B.A. 1936: Istoriya drevnego Vostoka [The history of the Ancient East]. Vol. I. Leningrad. 

Yelnitsky, L.A. 2014: Tri kruga vospominaniy. Na paperti khrama nauki [Three circles of memories. On the porch of the temple of science]. Moscow.