1. Journal of Ancient History 4 (287)
  2. Gnaeus Pompeus Magnus – privatus cum imperio

Gnaeus Pompeus Magnus – privatus cum imperio

Koptev Alexander V.

Privati cum imperio during the Roman Republic were either former senior magistrates, whose military power was prolonged by the senate and the people assembly for a certain period (prorogatio imperii), or those who occasionally did not lay down their imperium at the end of their office. Acquisition of military imperium sine magistratu was impossible, but a different opinion has prevailed in scholarship since the time of Theodor Mommsen. The author of this paper argues that it was Gnaeus Pompey who first, being privatus, received the military imperium for a very complicated mission of doing away with piracy in 67 BC. His very particular position between 67 and 48 BC had a significant impact on the Roman historiography. Historians working under the late Republic transferred the extraordinary status of Pompey in the last decades of his life to the portraying of his early career in 82–77 BC. Cicero was the first who (in the speech on the law of Manilius) depicted Pompey as privatus cum imperio at the beginning of his political activity. For rhetorical purposes Cicero replaced with this status Pompey’s actual praetorship in Sicily that gave him the command pro praetore in Africa, and the praetorship in Hispania Ulterior with the command pro consule. By the time of Augustus, who also started his career as privatus cum imperio, the image of Pompey as a paradigmatic privatus cum imperio had been developed by historians. The extraordinary status of August demanded a historical justification in the mosmaiorum, and the precedent for him was found first in the figure of Pompey, and then in Scipio Africanus the Elder.

Keywords: Pompey, Roman Republic, imperium, prorogation, magistrate, consul, legate, privatus cum imperio.
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