Octavian’s Marriage to Livia: Advantages or Risks?
Lyubimova Olga V.
The author argues that the political consequences of Octavian’s marriage to Livia were only negative for him. Having divorced Scribonia he displayed his hostile disposition to Sextus Pompey too early and did not have enough time to prepare himself to the new war which led to his defeat in 38 BC. The scandal about Octavian’s marriage to Livia must have alienated the conservative aristocracy rather than attract it; the episode gave a lot of material for the hostile propaganda.
References:
Barreth, A. 2002: Livia. First Lady of Imperial Rome. New Haven–London
Blumenthal, F. 1913–1914: Die Autobiographie des Augustus. Wiener Studien 35, 113–130, 267–288; 36, 48–103
Broughton, T.R.S. 1951: The Magistrates of the Roman Republic. New York
Brunt, P.A. 1971: Italian Manpower 225 B.C. – A.D. 14. Oxford
Carcopino, J. 1958: Passion et politique chez les Césars. Paris
Carter, J.M. 1970: The Battle of Actium: the Rise and Triumph of Augustus Caesar. New York
Carter, J.M. 1982: Suetonius: Divus Augustus. Bristol
Crawford, M. 1996: Italy and Rome from Sulla to Augustus. In: The Cambridge Ancient History. 2nd edition. X. Cambridge, 414–433
Drumann, W. 1964: Geschichte Roms in seinem Übergange von der republikanischen zur monarchischen Verfassung oder Pompeius, Caesar, Cicero und ihre Zeitgenossen. 2. Aufl. P. Groebe (Hrsg.). Bd. 2. Hildesheim
Flory, M. 1988: Abducta Neroni uxor: The Historiographical Tradition on the Marriage of Octavian and Livia. Transactions of the American Philological Association 118, 343–359
Fitzler, K., Seeck, O. 1918: Iulius (132). In: RE. Hbd. 19, 275–381
Goldsworthy, A. 2014: Augustus. First Emperor of Rome. New Haven–London
Gowing, A.M. 1992: The Triumviral Narratives of Appian and Cassius Dio. Ann Arbor
Hadas, M. 1930: Sextus Pompey. New York
Hillard, T.W. 1973: The Sisters of Clodius Again. Latomus 32, 505–514
Hinard, F. 1985: Les proscriptions de la Rome républicaine. Rome
Holmes, T.R. 1928: The Architect of the Roman Empire. 44–27 B.C. Oxford
Huntsman, E.D. 1997: The Family and Property of Livia Drusilla. PhD Diss. University of Pennsylvania
Huntsman, E.D. 2009: Livia before Octavian. Ancient Society 39, 161–169
Kienast, D. 2009: Augustus. Princeps und Monarch. Darmstadt
Kunst, Ch. 2008: Livia: Macht und Intrigen am Hof des Augustus. Stuttgart
Levi, M.A. 1933: Ottaviano capoparte. Storia politica di Roma durante le ultime lotte de supremazia. Firenze
Levick, B. 1999: Tiberius the Politician. London–New York
Lindsay, H. 2009: Adoption in the Roman World. Cambridge
Münzer, F. 1899a: Claudius. In: RE. Bd. 3, 2662–2667
Münzer, F. 1899b: Claudius (14, 15, 298, 299). In: RE. Bd. III, 2668, 2853–2855
Münzer, F. 1913: Hiero (19). In: RE. Hlbd. 16, 1515
Münzer, F. 1920: Römische Adelsparteien und Adelsfamilien. Stuttgart
Münzer, F. 1926: Livius (19). In: RE. Hlbd. 25, 881–884
Ollendorf, L. 1926: Livia (37). In: RE. Hlbd. 25, 900–924
Osgood, J. 2006: Caesar's Legacy. Civil War and the Emergence of the Roman Empire. Cambridge
Parfyonov, V.N. 1987: Rim ot Tsezarya do Avgusta. Ocherki sotsial'no-politicheskoy istorii [Rome from Caesar to Augustus. Essays on the Socio-Political History]. Saratov / Парфенов, В.Н. Рим от Цезаря до Августа. Очерки социально-политической истории. Саратов
Parfyonov, V.N. 1993: «Zlaya machekha doma tsezarey» (istoricheskiy ocherk) [“Evil Stepmother for the House of the Caesars” (A Historical Essay)]. Antichnyy mir i arkheologiya [Ancient World and Archaeology] 9, 176–189 / Парфенов, В.Н. «Злая мачеха дома цезарей» (исторический очерк). Античный мир и археология. 9, 176–189
Pelling, Ch. 1996: The Triumviral Period. In: The Cambridge Ancient History. 2nd edition. X, 1–69
Pelling, Ch. 2011: Plutarch Caesar. Oxford
Reynolds, J. 1982: Aphrodisias and Rome. London
Scheid, J. 1975: Scribonia Caesaris et les Julio-Claudiens. Problèmes de vocabulaire de parenté. Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome. Antiquité 87, 349–375
Schweighäuser, J. 1785: Appiani Alexandrini Romanarum historiarum quae supersunt. Lipsae
Scott, K. 1933: The Political Propaganda of 44–30 B.C. Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 11, 7–49
Shotter, D. 1999: Augustus Caesar. London
Sirago, V.A. 1979: Livia Drusilla. Una nova condizione feminine. Invigilata Lucernis. Rivista dell’Istituto di Latino Università di Bari 1, 171–207
Southern, P. 1998: Augustus. London–New York
Sumner, G.V. 1974: The Orators in Cicero’s Brutus: Prosopography and Chronology. Toronto
Syme, R. 1938: Caesar, the Senate and Italy. The Papers of British School in Rome 14, 1–31
Syme, R. 1939: The Roman Revolution. Oxford
Syme, R. 1958: Tacitus. Oxford
Syme, R. 1986: The Augustan Aristocracy. Oxford
Tariverdieva, S.E. 2012: Prichiny i itogi illiriyskikh kampaniy Oktaviana [Motives and Results of Octavian’s Illyrian Campaigns]. Studia historica. Issue XII, 148–158 / Таривердиева, С.Э. Причины и итоги иллирийских кампаний Октавиана. Studia historica. Вып. XII, 148–158
Tatum, J. 1999: The Patrician Tribune: Publius Clodius Pulcher. Chapel Hill–London
Taylor, L. R. 1971: Party Politics in the Age of Caesar. Berkeley–Los Angeles–London
Tokarev, A.N. 2011: Stanovlenie ofitsial'noy ideologii printsipata imperatora Avgusta [Formation of the Official Ideology of the Emperor Augustus’ Principate]. Kharkiv / Токарев, А.Н. Становление официальной идеологии принципата императора Августа. Харьков
Utchenko, S.L. 1969: Drevniy Rim. Sobytiya. Lyudi. Idei [Ancient Rome. Events. Persons. Ideas]. Moscow / Утченко, С.Л. Древний Рим. События. Люди. Идеи. М.
Wallmann, P. 1989: Triumviri Rei Publicae Constituendae. Untersuchungen zur politischen Propaganda im Zweiten Triumvirat. Frankfurt am Main–Bern
Weinrib, E. 1968: The Family Connections of M. Livius Drusus Libo. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 72, 247–278
Weinstock, S. 1971: Divus Julius. Oxford
Wiseman, T. P. 1965: The Mother of Livia Augusta. Historia 14, 333–334
Wiseman, T. P. 1970: Pulcher Claudius. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 74, 207–221
Yavetz, Z. 1983: Julius Caesar and His Public Image. Engl. transl. Ithaka–New York