1. Journal of Ancient History 3 (294)
  2. Aeneas, Phrygians and apoikia (Soph. Fr. 373 Radt)

Aeneas, Phrygians and apoikia (Soph. Fr. 373 Radt)

Mosolkin Alexei V.

The subject of the research is a fragment from Sophocles’ tragedy “Laocoon” (Radt 1999, fr. 373). It is argued that the Phrygians gathering around Aeneas were not a Phrygians tribe in the direct meaning of the word, but Trojans or Dardans. The change of ethnonyms must have happened during the war between Greeks and Persians, which is supported by a lot of evidence in Attic tragedies and Greek architecture. The use of the term ἀποικία was not typical of ancient playwrights. Apparently, the word was introduced on purpose by Sophocles who may have meant a site which was well-known to his audience as well as to every Athenian citizen. During the Peloponnesian war Athenian intellectuals made an attempt to slander Spartans connecting them with “Trojan barbarians”. The tradition on Aeneas escaping to the west on Sicily had been known by that time. Thus the play “Laocoon” must have been written before or during the Athenian expedition to Sicily.

Keywords: Aeneas, Trojan war, Phrygians, Sophocles, Laocoon, Greek tragedy, Sicily
References:
  1. Gasparov M.L. 1980: Drevnegrecheskaya khorovaya lirika // Pindar. Vakkhilid. Ody. Fragmenty. M., 331–360.
  2. Gordeziani R.V. 1978: Problemy gomerovskogo eposa. Tbilisi.
  3. Sinitsyn A.A. 2011: Antichnaya etnogeografiya sub specie tragoediae (eskiz problemy) // Nauka i tekhnika. Vyp. XXVII. SPb., 224–226.
  4. Sofokl 1914: Dramy. T. III. Perevod s predisloviem i vvedeniyami F.F. Zelinskogo. M.
  5. Chepel' E.Yu. 2010: «Greki, izmyslivshie varvarskie zlodeystva»: obraz varvara v «troyanskikh» tragediyakh Evripida // Vestnik RGGU. 10 (53), 198–211.
  6. Bacon H.H. 1965: Barbarians in Greek Tragedy. New Haven.
  7. Bérard J. 1957: La colonisation grecque de l'Italie méridionale et de la Sicile dans l'antiquité. Paris.
  8. Bürchner L. 1921: Kallikolone // RE. 21 Bd. 1637.
  9. Cadoni E. 1978: Il “Laocoonte” di Sofocle // Sandalion. 1, 45–58.
  10. Campbell L. 1871: Sophocles. The plays and fragments. Edited by L. Campbell. Vol. II. Oxf.
  11. Cary E. 1937: The Roman Antiquities. Book I–II. Trans. by E. Cary. Camridge, Mass.
  12. Casali S. 2010: The Development of the Aeneas Legend 2010: A Companion to Vergil's Aeneid and its Tradition. Ed. by J. Farrell and M. Putnam. 37–51.
  13. Classen J. 1963: Thukydides erklärt von J. Classen. IV Bd Berlin.
  14. Dardenay A. 2012: Images des Fondateurs. D'Énée à Romulus. Bordeaux.
  15. Dindorfius 1830: Poetae scenici Graeci. Accedunt perditarum fabularum fragmenta. Recognovit et praefatus est Guil. Dindorfius. Lipsiae, Londini.
  16. Dury-Moyaers G. 1981: Énée et Lavinium. Bruxelles.
  17. Erskine A. 2001: Troy between Greece and Rome. Oxford.
  18. Fromentin V., Schnäbele J. 2004: Les antiquités romaines. Livres I et II. Traduit et commenté par V. Fromentin at J. Schnäbele. Paris.
  19. Galinsky K. 1969: Aeneas, Sicily and Rome. Princeton.
  20. Gomme A.W., Andrews A., Dover K.J. 1970: A Historical Commentary on Thucydides by A.W. Gomme, A. Andrewes and K.J. Dover. Vol. IV. Oxford.
  21. Gruen E.S. 1993: Culture and National Identity in Republican Rome. Cornell University.
  22. Hall E. 1988: When Did the Trojans Turn into Phrygians? Alcaeus 42.15 // ZPE. 73, 15–18.
  23. Hall E. 1991: Inventing the barbarian. Greek Self-Definition through Tragedy. Oxford.
  24. Hall J.M. 2014: A History of the Archaic Greek World (ca. 1200–479 BCE). Second Edition. Wiley Blackwell.
  25. Head B.V. 1911: Historia numorum. Oxford.
  26. Hornblower S. 2008: A Commentary on Thucydides. Vol. III. Oxford.
  27. Horsfall N. 1979а: Some Problems in the Aeneas Legend // CQ. 29, 372–390.
  28. Horsfall N. 1979б: Stesichorus at Bovillae? // JHS. 99, 26–48.
  29. Jahn O. 1873: Griechische Bilderchroniken. Aus dem Nachlasse des Verfassers herausgegeben und beendigt von A. Michaelis. Bonn.
  30. Kazansky N.N. 1997: Principles of the Reconstruction of a Fragmentary Text (New Stesichorean Papyri). Saint-Petersburg.
  31. Kirk G.S. 1985: The Iliad: A Commentary. Vol. I–V. Ed. by G.S. Kirk. Cambridge.
  32. Liddell H.G. 1996: A Greek-English Lexicon. Compiled by H.G. Liddell and R. Scott. Oxford.
  33. Lloyd-Jones H. 2003: Sophocles. Fragments. Edited and translated by H. Lloyd-Jones. Harvard University Press.
  34. Malkin I. 1998: The Returns of Odysseus. Colonization and Ethnicity. University of California Press.
  35. Mancuso U. 1911: “La Tabula Iliaca” del museo Capitolino. Roma.
  36. Martínez-Pinna Nieto J. 2011: Las leyendas de fundaciónde Roma. De Eneas a Rómulo. Barcelona.
  37. Most G.W. 2010: Laocoons // A Companion to Vergil's Aeneid and its Tradition. Ed. by J. Farrell and M. Putnam. 325–340.
  38. Pearson A.C. 1917: The Fragments of Sophocles. Ed. by A.C. Pearson. Cambr. Vol. II
  39. Perret J. 1942: Les origines de la légende troyenne de Rome (281–31). Paris.
  40. Plumptre E.H. 1914: Sophocles. Tragedies and fragments. Translated by E.H. Plumptre. Vol. I. Boston.
  41. Poppo E.F. 1880: Thucydides de Bello Peloponnesiaco. Vol. III. Sect. II. Explanavit E.F. Poppo. Lipsiae.
  42. Radt S. 1999: Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta. Vol. IV. Editor S. Radt. Göttingen.
  43. Ridgeway W. 1888: Thucydides VI.2 // CR. 2, 180.
  44. Rigsby. K.J. 1987: Phoicians in Sicily: Thycydides 6.2 // CQ. 37, 332–335.
  45. Sadurska A. 1964: Les tables Iliaques. Warszawa.
  46. Squire M. 2011: The Iliad in a Nutshell. Visualizing Epic on the Tabulae Iliacae. Oxford.
  47. Talbert R.J.A. 2000: Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Edited by Richard J.A. Talbert. Princeton University Press.
  48. Valenzuela Montenegro N. 2004: Die Tabulae Iliacae. Mythos und Geschichte im Spiegel einer Gruppe frühkaiserzeitlicher Miniaturreliefs. Berlin.
  49. West M. 2003: Greek Epic Fragments. Edited and translated by M.L. West. Harvard University Press.
  50. Zacharia K. 2003: Sophocles and the West: The Evidence of the Fragments // Shards from Kolonos: Studies in Sophoclean Fragments. Ed. by A.H. Sommerstein.