The paper presents the polemics that took place in 1952–1953 between the British professor G. Thomson and the Soviet historian Konstantin Zel’in: Thomson’s letter to the editorial board of the Journal of Ancient History (Vestnik Drevnei Istorii, VDI) and Zel’in’s notes on Thomson’s letter, which have remained unpublished until today. Thomson’s aim was a revolution not only in classical studies, but also in Marxist scholarship. As for Zel’in, he had to comply with Marxism by necessity, but he was not a convinced Marxist. The Soviet scholar criticized Thomson for factual mistakes and forced analogies, which were of little interest to Thomson, as he used them as auxiliary matter in his speculative constructions.