Sargonic Letters from Gasur

Markina Ekaterina V.

The article continues a series of commented editions of textual sources dated to the Sargonic era. It offers an annotated translation of a collection of Akkadian letters from the ancient city of Gasur. Most of the texts deal with agricultural practices, relations between officials, and preparations for the visit of a king (likely to be identified as Naram-Su‘en) to Gasur.

Keywords: Mesopotamia, Akkadian, Sargonic dialect, economic history, third millennium BCE
References:

Biga, M.G. 2014: Inherited space – Third millennium political and cultural landscape. In: E. Cancik- Kirschbaum, N. Brisch, J. Eidem (eds.), Constituent, Confederate, and Conquered Space. The Emergence of Mittanni State. Berlin, 93–110.

Deutscher, G. 2002: The Akkadian relative clause in cross-linguistic perspective. Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archeologie 92, 86–105.

Foster, B.R. 1980: Notes on Sargonic royal progress. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Studies 12, 29–42.

Foster, B.R. 1986: Archives and empire in Sargonic Mesopotamia. In: K. R. Veenhof (ed.), Cuneiform Archives and Libraries. Papers Read at the 30e Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Leiden 4–8 July, 1983. Leiden, 46–52.

Hasselbach, R. 2005: Sargonic Akkadian. Wiesbaden.

Illingworth, N.J.J. 1988: Inscriptions from Tell Brak 1986. Iraq 50, 87–108.

Kienast, B., Volk, K. 1995: Die sumerischen und akkadischen Briefe des III. Jahrtausends aus der Zeit vor der III. Dynastie von Ur. Stuttgart.

Kogan, L. 2006: Old Assyrian vs. Old Babylonian: the lexical dimension. In: G. Deutscher, N.J.C. Kouwenberg (eds.), The Akkadian Language in Its Semitic Context. Leiden, 177–214.

Kogan, L. 2020: Three philological notes on Sargonic royal inscriptions. In: I. Arkhipov, L. Kogan, N. Koslova (eds.), Studies in Early Mesopotamia and Syria in Honor of Walter Sommerfeld and Manfred Krebernik. Leiden, 377–382.

Kogan, L., Markina, E. 2006: (Rev.) Hasselbach, R. Sargonic Akkadian. A Historical and Comparative Study of the Syallabic Texts. Wiesbaden, 2005. Babel und Bibel 3, 555–588.

Kogan, L.E., Markina, E.V. 2014a: [Akkadian sources of Sargon’s (Old Akkadian) dynasty. I. Inscriptions of Sargon of Akkad]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 3, 230–250.

Коган, Л.Е., Маркина, Е. В. Аккадские источники саргоновской (староаккадской) династии. I. Надписи Саргона. ВДИ 3, 230–250.

Kogan, L.E., Markina, E.V. 2014b: [Akkadian sources of Sargon’s (Old Akkadian) dynasty. II. Inscriptions of Rimuš]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 4, 219–256.

Коган, Л.Е., Маркина, Е. В. Аккадские источники саргоновской (староаккадской) династии. II. Надписи Римуша. ВДИ 4, 219–256.

Kouwenberg, N.J.C. 2010: The Akkadian Verb and Its Semitic Background. Winona Lake.

Kraus, F.R. 1976: Einführung in die Briefe in altakkadischer Sprache. Jaarbericht Ex Oriente Lux 24, 74–104.

Kraus, N. 2018: The weapon of blood: politics and intrigue at the decline of Akkad. Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie 108, 1–9.

Markina, E.V. 2018: [Akkadian sources of Sargon’s (Old Akkadian) dynasty. II. Inscriptions of Maništušu]. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of Ancient History] 4, 1081–1093.

Маркина, Е. В. Аккадские источники саргоновской (староаккадской) династии. II. Надпись Маништушу. ВДИ 4, 1081–1093.

Markina, E. 2021: Gasur in the IIIrd millennium. In: I. Arkhipov, G. Chambon, N. Ziegler (eds.), Pratiques administratives et comptables au Proche-Orient à l’âge du Bronze. Leuven–Paris–Bristol, 171–182.

Meek, T.J. 1933: Some gleanings from the last excavations at Nuzi. Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 13, 1–11.

Meek, T.J. 1935: Old Akkadian, Sumerian and Cappadocian texts from Nuzi. Cambridge.

Michalowski, P. 1993: Letters from Early Mesopotamia. Atlanta.

Pedersén, O. 1998: Archives and Libraries in the Ancient Near East 1500–300 B.C. Bethesda.

Powell, M. 1994: Metron ariston: Measure as a tool for studying beer in ancient Mesopotamia. In: L. Milano (ed.), Drinking in Ancient Societies. Padova, 91–119.

Powell, M. 2003–2005: Obst und Gemüse. A. I. Mesopotamien. Reallexikon der Assyriologie 10, 13–22.

Sallaberger, W. 2008: Rechtsbrüche in Handel, Diplomatie und Kult. Ein Memorandum aus Ebla über Verfehlungen Maris (ARET 13,15). KASKAL 5, 93–110.

Sommerfeld, W. 1999: Die Texte der Akkade-Zeit 1. Das Dijala Gebiet: Tutub. Münster.

Sommerfeld, W. 2003: Bemerkungen zur Dialektgliederung Altakkadisch, Assyrisch und Babylonisch. In: G. J. Selz (ed.), Festschrift für Burkhart Kienast zu seinem 70. Geburtstag dargebracht von Freunden, Schulern und Kollegen. Münster, 569–586.

Stol, M. 1985: Beans, peas, lentils and vetches in Akkadian texts. Bulletin of Sumerian Agriculture 2, 127–139.

Stol, M. 1987–1990: Malz. Reallexicon der Assyriologie 7, 323–329.

Veenhof, K.R. 1986: Cuneiform archives. An introduction. In: K. R. Veenhof (ed.), Cuneiform Archives and Libraries. Papers Read at the 30e Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Leiden 4–8 July, 1983. Leiden, 1–36.

Visicato, G. 1999: The Sargonic a rchive at Tell Suleimah. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 51, 17–30.

Visicato, G. 2000: The Power and the Writing: Early Scribes of Mesopotamia. Bethesda.

Visicato, G. 2001: The journey of the Sargonic king to Assur and Gasur. In: T. Abusch (ed.), Historiography in the Cuneiform World. Proceedings of the XLVe Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale. Pt. I. Bethesda, 467–473.

Waetzoldt, H. 1987: Knoblauch und Zwiebeln nach den Texten des 3. Jt. Bulletin of Sumerian Agriculture 3, 23–56.

Walker, M.F. 1985: The Tigris Frontier from Sargon to Hammurabi. Yale.

Waterman, L. 1936: Royal Correspondence of the Assyrian Empire. Ann Arbor.

Westhuizen, J.P. van der 1992: Seven more Old Akkadian letters. Acta Sumerologica 12, 261–269.

Westenholz, A. 1984: (Rev.) Foster, B. R. Umma in the Sargonic Period. Hamden, 1982. Archiv für Orientforschung 31, 76–81.